Some other general guidelines when collecting the entire plant: Leaf lettuce can be cut as soon as it is large enough to use, usually in 50 to 60 days from planting. Monday - Friday Books published in the mid-18th and early 19th centuries describe several varieties found in gardens today. Post-Roman Europe continued the tradition of poaching lettuce, mainly with large romaine types, as well as the method of pouring a hot oil and vinegar mixture over the leaves. Please select options before adding to cart. By the end of the century, other types began to regain popularity and eventually made up over 30 percent of production. 227 Huron Ave. Stem lettuce, widely consumed in China, is eaten either raw or cooked, the latter primarily in soups and stir-frys. The Romans likewise claimed that it increased sexual potency. So widely-known, it is the standard for a class after its own name. integrata and L. scariola var. Each fruit contains one seed, which can be white, yellow, gray or brown depending on the variety of lettuce. Lettuce needs nitrogen-rich soil to grow, so spray a liquid fertilizer on the plant 3 weeks after you planted it, or when the first leaves grow on the plant. [18] Like other members of the tribe Cichorieae, lettuce inflorescences (also known as flower heads or capitula) are composed of multiple florets, each with a modified calyx called a pappus (which becomes the feathery "parachute" of the fruit), a corolla of five petals fused into a ligule or strap, and the reproductive parts. The flavour of this type of lettuce is meant to accompany delicate flavours, and it can be both cooked or stuffed. Although this trait can be a problem to home gardeners who attempt to save seeds, biologists have used it to broaden the gene pool of cultivated lettuce varieties. Fandom Apps Take your favorite fandoms with you and never miss a beat. [15] Lettuce plants have a root system that includes a main taproot and smaller secondary roots. [54] Viruses, including hepatitis A, calicivirus and a Norwalk-like strain, have been found in lettuce. The quick growing time makes Oakleaf lettuce … [16], Depending on the variety and time of year, lettuce generally lives 65–130 days from planting to harvesting. When completely dry, shake the flower stems in the bag. Sowing [27] During the 1950s, lettuce production was revolutionized with the development of vacuum cooling, which allowed field cooling and packing of lettuce, replacing the previously used method of ice-cooling in packing houses outside the fields. Lettuce spaced farther apart receives more sunlight, which improves color and nutrient quantities in the leaves. Location : Westlake Village, United States. Seeds need light to germinate; sow at a very shallow depth by covering with a thin layer of growing medium. Europe and North America originally dominated the market for lettuce, but by the late 20th century the consumption of lettuce had spread throughout the world. [33] Hydroponic growing methods can reduce this water consumption by nearly two orders of magnitude. Lettuce varieties will cross with each other, making spacing of 1.5 to 6 m (60 to 240 in) between varieties necessary to prevent contamination when saving seeds. Lettuce has a shallow root system. EMAIL This variety has tender, medium-green leaves resembling those of an oak tree. [55] This narcotic effect is a property of two sesquiterpene lactones which are found in the white liquid (latex) in the stems of lettuce,[30] called lactucarium or "lettuce opium". Gardening is about the adventure, not the destination. Your browser's Javascript functionality is turned off. Wonderful for the container-growing gardener. Some American settlers claimed that smallpox could be prevented through the ingestion of lettuce,[55] and an Iranian belief suggested consumption of the seeds when afflicted with typhoid. For extra cleaning use reverse screening, with a smaller mesh that retains the seed but lets small pieces or chaff and plume through. Like other lettuces, looseleaf types can be sensitive to excessive heat and light, which may result in bolting, or wilting leaves. [11] The consumption of lettuce in China developed differently from in Western countries, due to health risks and cultural aversion to eating raw leaves. During the 81–96 AD reign of Domitian, the tradition of serving a lettuce salad before a meal began. Lettuce flowers more quickly in hot temperatures, while freezing temperatures cause slower growth and sometimes damage to outer leaves. Direct seed or transplant in early spring, as soon as you can work the soil. Sign up for growing tips, exclusive offers, and new product info. These lettuces tend to be larger, bolt-resistant and well-flavored. In French it is called feuille de chene and it grows in areas characterised by Mediterranean and temperate climates. Reportedly known as Baltimore or Philadelphia Oakleaf in the 1880s. Use row covers to protect very early plantings from cold, to protect young plants from insects, and (supported by hoops) to shade crops when warm weather arrives. [21], Lettuce was first cultivated in ancient Egypt for the production of oil from its seeds. Heat generally prompts lettuce to bolt, with most varieties growing poorly above 24 °C (75 °F); cool temperatures prompt better performance, with 16 to 18 °C (61 to 64 °F) being preferred and as low as 7 °C (45 °F) being tolerated. We conserve and promote America's culturally diverse but endangered garden and food crop heritage for future generations by collecting, growing, and sharing heirloom seeds and plants. [31] After harvest, lettuce lasts the longest when kept at 0 °C (32 °F) and 96 percent humidity. Documentation from the late 19th century shows between 65 and 140 distinct varieties of lettuce, depending on the amount of variation allowed between types – a distinct difference from the 1,100 named lettuce varieties on the market at the time. Mature plants aren't as tolerant of freezing as seedlings. [3] One variety, the woju (t:萵苣/s:莴苣), or asparagus lettuce (Celtuce), is grown for its stems, which are eaten either raw or cooked. Lettuce will also cross with Lactuca serriola (wild lettuce), with the resulting seeds often producing a plant with tough, bitter leaves. Cutting every other plant at the ground will give remaining plants more space for growth. Butterhead – Also known as Boston or Bibb lettuce. Seed Savers Exchange 3094 North Winn Road Decorah, Iowa 52101. In 1586, Joachim Camerarius provided descriptions of the three basic modern lettuces – head lettuce, loose-leaf lettuce, and romaine (or cos) lettuce.
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