Meteorological drought – when the amount of precipitation received in a specific area is less than the average. The negative effects of deforestation are well known: biodiversity is significantly impacted and a large amount of carbon is released into the atmosphere when trees are removed from their habitats. Article Google Scholar Innes, P., and R.D. Usually, drought is talked about in one of two perspectives- meteorological and hydrological. These average conditions differ according to location (e.g., defined drought in Alabama is different than in Kansas). & Gunawan, D. Observed and blended gauge-satellite precipitation estimates perspective on meteorological drought … 1. Overall, we conclude there is a significant link between meteorological drought and streamflow drought, except for catchments where groundwater storage and … Ten notable meteorological drought indices were compared on tracking the effect of drought on streamflow. Blackwell. Drought as a natural but temporary imbalance of water availability is the interaction between natural environment and human life resulting in diminished water resources availability and reduced carrying capacity of the ecosystems. 2016); » Hydrological – precipitation deficits and their effect on the hydrologic system, Based on geographical location of each synoptic station, some plains in the province were selected and their groundwater piezometric level was monitored The purpose of this paper is to investigate the patterns and trends of drought incidence in north east highlands of Ethiopia using monthly rainfall record for the period 1984-2014.,Standard precipitation index and Mann – Kendal test were used to analyze drought incident and trends of drought occurrences, respectively. There are four basic measures of drought, all of which stem from a shortage of precipitation: Meteorological drought. Socioeconomic drought associates the supply and demand of some economic good or service with elements of meteorological, hydrological, and agricultural drought. A project for the integrated management of drought designed to mitigate its negative effects on Food and Nutrition Security and on water supply in eastern Cuba is being developed at the Provincial Meteorological Center of Holguín as part of its measures to … Types. Meteorological Drought. The humidity increases, the rainfall becomes low, the temperature rises, water shortage and dry winds are the common characteristics of meteorological drought. Effects of meteorological factors on different grades of winter wheat growth in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, China. This happens when the actual rainfall in an area is significantly less than the climatological mean of that area. The commonly used definition of meteorological drought is an interval of time, generally in the order of months or year, during which the actual moisture supply at a given place consistently falls below the climatically appropriate moisture supply. The term 'drought' has over 150 published definitions based on differences in regions, needs, and approaches. Droughtconditions often provide too little water to support food crops, through either natural precipitation or irrigation using reserve water supplies. “Meteorological drought” is defined as a period of below-average precipitation. Journal of Integrative Agriculture 15(11): 2647–2657. effects of meteorological drought on groundwater resources was studied in different time scales (3, 6, 9, 12, 18 and 24 months). Overall, we conclude there is a significant link between meteorological drought and streamflow drought, except for catchments where groundwater storage and snow processes are important. Hydrological Drought Hydrological drought is associated with the effects of periods of precipitation (including snowfall) shortfalls on surface or subsurface water supply (i.e., streamflow, reservoir and lake levels, groundwater). Drought can be defined from different perspectives. The humidity increases, the rainfall becomes low, the temperature rises, water shortage and dry winds are the common characteristics of meteorological drought. Hydrological drought : this is a type of drought in which there is considerable decrease in the level of water in lakes, ponds and rivers due to less rainfall and increase in temperature. Drought can be defined from different perspectives. Just as we define drought in many ways, there are also four types of drought: meteorological, agricultural, hydrological, and … Drought-associated forest disturbances are expected to increase with climatic change. The effect of drought on the … Then there’s “anthropogenic drought,” the phenomenon of how most projections of future drought include increases in severity and duration that reflect increasing water demand due to warming [Diffenbaug… Meteorological drought is defined on the basis of the degree of inadequacy of precipitation, in comparison to a normal or average amount, and … A combination of factors causes droughts. The effects can therefore generally be categorized as environmental, economic, and social. drought: Meteorological, agricultural, hydrological, and socioeconomic drought. Thus, conversion from grassland to evergreen woody vegetation prolongs the impact of meteorological drought on soil moisture and streamflow. For instance, drought in Bali, where it is a drought when rain does not fall for six days, would not be considered a drought in Libya where the annual rainfall is less than 180mm (USGS). Meteorological Drought: ADVERTISEMENTS: Meteorological drought is defined usually on the basis of the degree of dryness (in comparison to some “normal” or average amount) and the duration of the dry period. on 11 mins ago. Animal and plants die off as a consequence of drought. The amount of the shortfall and the duration are specific to location or region. Meteorological drought is typically concerned with the dryness of the drought, along with its duration. Effects of drought could linger well beyond the end of defined drought conditions. There are at least four triggers that must be met before being classified as a meteorological drought depending on … Meteorological drought monitoring is important for drought early warning and disaster prevention. To quantify drought and monitor its development, many drought indices have been developed and applied. Blackwell. Research Paper No. Drought is defined as a moisture deficit bad enough to have social, environmental or economic effects. Increased drought combined with extreme episodes of heatwaves is triggering severe impacts on vegetation growth, particularly for plant communities in arid and semiarid ecosystems. These droughts were identified from historic documents and meteorological records, vs. reconstruct-ed meteorological proxies, such as Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI), which may overestimate long-term temporal trends in drought frequency (Sheffield et al. Meteorological drought is usually defined on the basis of the degree of dryness (in comparison to some “normal” or average amount) and the duration of the dry period. The drought’s direct effect is most often remembered as agricultural. In contrast, the average precipitation in the MeTeorological droughT Meteorological drought is generally defined by comparing the rainfall in a particular place and at a particular time. Meteorological Drought. Drought can also have nonmarket effects on forests and rangelands. 1981. As demand for water and other shared natural resources increases as a result of population growth and migration to drought-prone areas, urbanization, environmental degradation, government policies, land use changes, technology, and other factors, future droughts can be expected to produce greater impacts, with or without any increase in the frequency and intensity of meteorological … The results of MME projection showed a warmer climate over the South Korea with a temperature increase of 2.8–3.4 °C and 5.2–5.8 °C under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios, respectively. Definitions of meteorological drought must be considered as specific to a region since the atmospheric conditions that … Providing drought forecasting scores in a full set of hydro-meteorological variables, e.g. Environmental Impacts of Droughts. Drought is a normal feature of climate which happens in all climate zonesfrom time to time. Meteorological (sometimes referred to as climatological) droughts are simply defined as a shortfall of precipitation, over a period of time. It is the reduction of water over time due to the lack of precipitation. It can be for a few days, months, weather, or year – it is affected by meteorological drought. Often, meteorological droughts lead to agricultural droughts. Low levels of precipitation over a sustained period of time can lead to crop failure. However, such droughts can also occur in the absence of changes in precipitation levels. drought perspectives are expressed in Hawai‘i and the USAPI, and how resource managers address drought-related stressors to their systems. In rare cases, we observe that the effects of meteorological drought can be beneficial, particularly in marginal lands or areas with a supplemental water source, which likely corresponds to areas with a net positive annual water balance. Effects of Drought on the Environment Wetlands Dry Up. A deficit of water can lead to the drying out of wetland habitats. Since such habitats support a great... Pollution of Surface Water. Low levels of precipitation and the loss of water from water bodies like rivers and streams... The Health of ... Meteorological drought is specific to a region and based on average amounts of precipitation and duration of the dry period. In socioeconomic drought, deficiencies of precipitation are linked directly to the supply of some commodity or economic good (for example, water, hay, or hydroelectric power). The immediate effects of the ongoing drought have been reported through media outlets, specifically water shortages (Mojapelo 2016) and declines in agricultural yields including maize, soya, sorghum, groundnuts, and sunflower crops (BBC 2015, Stoddard 2015, Mokhema & Janse van Vuuren 2015, Mojapelo 2016). 5.1 Meteorological Drought. The effects of seasonal droughts on AWRCC strongly depended on both the crop growth season and planting structure. effects of meteorological drought on groundwater resources was studied in different time scales (3, 6, 9, 12, 18 and 24 months). The objective of this study was to characterise meteorological droughts in the Central Region of South Africa using Standardised Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) and to examine if there is a relationship between drought and El Niño events. Management actions can either mitigate or exacerbate the effects of drought. A drought usually refers to a period of lower-than-average precipitation leading to sustained periods of low water supply and the resultant negative effects of such an event. Droughts often lead to famines and result in the deaths of humans, animals, and plants. Drought also has socioeconomic impacts, where reduced water supply and other effects of drought have negative financial consequences. Socioeconomic drought: 2. Most plants and animals living in areas experiencing a severe drought are unable to survive. Definitions of drought include: » Meteorological – degree of dryness over a defined period of time. Regional meteorological drought can be evaluated and analyzed with standardized precipitation index (SPI). In addition, this approach allows us to exploit the database to consider how the past meteorological drought trends change – at global scale – including or excluding temperature effects, as already evaluated at European scale (Spinoni et al., 2017).
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